Mobile Phone GPS Primer
Soon GPS will become almost as basic as the telephone, or more likely included with every smartphone. GPS can determine positions accurate to a matter of. In fact, amazingly with advanced forms of GPS you can make measurements to better than a centimeter!
It’s just like assigning every square meter on earth a unique address. GPS receivers have become very affordable as they have been miniaturized to just a few integrated circuits. These days GPS is incorporated into cars, boats, planes, construction equipment, movie making gear, farm machinery, laptop computers and especially phone handsets.
Tracking cell phones is a active topic getting a lot of interest. A lot of the discussion surrounding GPS tracking, cell phone GPS and cell phone tracker software applications could be helped by a GPS Satellite introduction and glossary.
GPS is an acronym for Global Positioning System. GPS satellites broadcast signals from space that GPS receivers use to estimate three-dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) plus precise time. The GPS system is composed of 3 main segments: Space Segment, Control Segment and User Segment.
The GPS Space Segment includes twenty-four to thirty-two satellites that orbit the earth at a height of about 12,000 miles. These satellites are also known as as the GPS Constellation, and they make an orbit once every 12 hours. They are not parked over one spot, but rather move at over 7,000 mph. They are solar powered but have battery backup for when they are on the dark side of the earth. They are positioned so that at any given time there are at least 4 satellites ‘visible’ from any point on earth. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the correct path. The satellites last about ten years until all their fuel runs out.
GPS Satellites are not communications satellites. Geostationary or communications satellites are parked in space 22,300 miles above the equator. These satellites are used for weather forecasting, satellite TV, satellite radio and most other types of global communications. At exactly 22,000 miles above the equator, the earth’s gravitational force and centrifugal forces are offset and are in balance. This is the ideal location to position a stationary satellite. The earth rotates at about 1,000 miles an hour, and because of their high earth orbit the geo-synchronous satellites need to move at about 7,000 mph to sustain position. This is just about the same speed as GPS satellites, but since communications satellites are 10,000 miles further away they stay in place relative to the earth.
The GPS Control Segment made up of Master Control Station, an Alternate Master Control Station, and numerous dedicated and shared Ground Antennas and Monitor Stations that work together to make sure the satellites are working to specification and the information they beam down to earth is accurate.
The GPS User Segment includes of GPS receivers taking the shape of mobiles and , laptops, in-car navigation devices and hand-held tracking units along with the people that use them, and the software programs that make them function.
GPS receivers compute position by precisely timing the signals transmitted by GPS satellites. This data includes the time the message was transmitted, precise orbital information (the ephemeris), and the general system health and rough orbits of all GPS satellites (the almanac).
Keep in mind that there is a fundamental difference between cell phone GPS Tracking and GPS Navigation. GPS cell tracking is normally related to someone keeping records of either real-time or historical handset position, while Navigation deals with the cell phone user figuring out how to get from point A to point B. Neither use works without some sort of third-party software program.
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Global Satellite System Glossary of basic terms.
GPSThe Global Positioning System is made up of 24 GPS satellites, portable GPS receivers, and various ground-based support facilities.
GPS receiverThe either a standalone handheld device or electronic unit mounted on a automobile dashboard or other movable item such as a shipping container, and now particularly common to be found inside phone handsets . Abbreviated “GPS” in common use.
Global Satellite System Frequently Asked Questions
Why does GPS receiver only work outside?
GPS satellites are positioned in their orbits to be sure that from any point on the globe there are at least four satellites in site at all times. Although they send signals by radio wave, they needs a clear of site to the receiver. If the GPS satellite drops behind the horizon, or a building, or even heavy cloud cover, the radio signal may be lost.
What do the satellites do?
The GPS satellites are broadcasting the time. Both the satellite and the GPS receiver use atomic clocks for extreme accuracy. By measuring the difference between the time given by the satellite and the time in the GPS receiver, it can calculate the distance from the satellite.
How does the GPS satellite know where it is?
The satellites keep location archived internally in calculated tables. But satellites can deviate off course over time. To correct this, the satellite communicates with fixed reference stations positioned around the globe. Each time it connects with the ground stations, the satellite adjusts its internal position tables.
Does a GPS receiver transmit information back to the satellite?
No, they don’t do that. GPS equipped cell phones will transmit information but it isn’t going back to the satellite.
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